A coherent national identity premised on a given ideology serves as a foundation for an effective bureaucracy. The resolution of the national question depends on the historical evolution of a nation.

We are interested here in the Phoenix massacre in which Indians brutally murdered many Africans in Kwa-Zulu Natal during the civil unrest in July 2021. Indians took the law into their own hands by murdering Africans. Africans have not received justice to this day. The blacks of Biko’s Black Consciousness movement killed their fellow blacks.

Recently the so-called Economic Freedom Fighters under their leader Julius Malema celebrated this incorrect ideology and were even significantly joined by one prominent subscriber within the African National Congress.

The hegemony of multiculturalism and nonracialism both in “South Africa” and around the globe accounts for the dominant manner in which ideas such as heritage and humanity are interpreted.

Azania as part of African civilization and culture had its own form of democracy which is designated as consensus democracy. In terms of the political philosophy of Ubuntu this Azanian consensus democracy is epitomised by the idea that “Kgosi ke Kgosi ka batho” ...